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add GSL as a development dependency

Sven Czarnian há 3 anos atrás
pai
commit
557c781fa6

+ 4 - 0
cmake/3rdPartyTargets.cmake

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ ADD_LIBRARY(cppzmq INTERFACE)
 TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(cppzmq INTERFACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/include")
 ADD_DEPENDENCIES(cppzmq libzmq)
 
+# define the import target of GSL
+ADD_LIBRARY(GSL INTERFACE)
+TARGET_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(GSL INTERFACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/external/include")
+
 # define the import target of protobuf
 ADD_LIBRARY(protobuf STATIC IMPORTED)
 IF (MSVC)

+ 29 - 0
external/include/gsl/gsl

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_GSL_H
+#define GSL_GSL_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_algorithm> // copy
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert>    // Ensures/Expects
+#include <gsl/gsl_byte>      // byte
+#include <gsl/gsl_util>      // finally()/narrow()/narrow_cast()...
+#include <gsl/multi_span>    // multi_span, strided_span...
+#include <gsl/pointers>      // owner, not_null
+#include <gsl/span>          // span
+#include <gsl/string_span>   // zstring, string_span, zstring_builder...
+
+#endif // GSL_GSL_H

+ 61 - 0
external/include/gsl/gsl_algorithm

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_ALGORITHM_H
+#define GSL_ALGORITHM_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Expects
+#include <gsl/span>       // for dynamic_extent, span
+
+#include <algorithm>   // for copy_n
+#include <cstddef>     // for ptrdiff_t
+#include <type_traits> // for is_assignable
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+// turn off some warnings that are noisy about our Expects statements
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996) // unsafe use of std::copy_n
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+// Note: this will generate faster code than std::copy using span iterator in older msvc+stl
+// not necessary for msvc since VS2017 15.8 (_MSC_VER >= 1915)
+template <class SrcElementType, std::size_t SrcExtent, class DestElementType,
+          std::size_t DestExtent>
+void copy(span<SrcElementType, SrcExtent> src, span<DestElementType, DestExtent> dest)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_assignable<decltype(*dest.data()), decltype(*src.data())>::value,
+                  "Elements of source span can not be assigned to elements of destination span");
+    static_assert(SrcExtent == dynamic_extent || DestExtent == dynamic_extent ||
+                      (SrcExtent <= DestExtent),
+                  "Source range is longer than target range");
+
+    Expects(dest.size() >= src.size());
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(stl.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    std::copy_n(src.data(), src.size(), dest.data());
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif // GSL_ALGORITHM_H

+ 133 - 0
external/include/gsl/gsl_assert

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_CONTRACTS_H
+#define GSL_CONTRACTS_H
+
+//
+// Temporary until MSVC STL supports no-exceptions mode.
+// Currently terminate is a no-op in this mode, so we add termination behavior back
+//
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_KERNEL_MODE) || (defined(_HAS_EXCEPTIONS) && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS))
+
+#define GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND
+#include <intrin.h>
+#define RANGE_CHECKS_FAILURE 0
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Winvalid-noreturn"
+#endif // defined(__clang__)
+
+#else // defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_KERNEL_MODE) || (defined(_HAS_EXCEPTIONS) && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS))
+
+#include <exception>
+
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_KERNEL_MODE) || (defined(_HAS_EXCEPTIONS) && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS))
+
+//
+// make suppress attributes parse for some compilers
+// Hopefully temporary until suppression standardization occurs
+//
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x) [[gsl::suppress("x")]]
+#else
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x) [[gsl::suppress(x)]]
+#else
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+#endif // __clang__
+
+#define GSL_STRINGIFY_DETAIL(x) #x
+#define GSL_STRINGIFY(x) GSL_STRINGIFY_DETAIL(x)
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+#define GSL_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#define GSL_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+
+#else
+
+#define GSL_LIKELY(x) (!!(x))
+#define GSL_UNLIKELY(x) (!!(x))
+#endif // defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
+
+//
+// GSL_ASSUME(cond)
+//
+// Tell the optimizer that the predicate cond must hold. It is unspecified
+// whether or not cond is actually evaluated.
+//
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define GSL_ASSUME(cond) __assume(cond)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define GSL_ASSUME(cond) ((cond) ? static_cast<void>(0) : __builtin_unreachable())
+#else
+#define GSL_ASSUME(cond) static_cast<void>((cond) ? 0 : 0)
+#endif
+
+//
+// GSL.assert: assertions
+//
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+namespace details
+{
+#if defined(GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND)
+
+    typedef void(__cdecl* terminate_handler)();
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(f.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    [[noreturn]] inline void __cdecl default_terminate_handler()
+    {
+        __fastfail(RANGE_CHECKS_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    inline gsl::details::terminate_handler& get_terminate_handler() noexcept
+    {
+        static terminate_handler handler = &default_terminate_handler;
+        return handler;
+    }
+
+#endif // defined(GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND)
+
+    [[noreturn]] inline void terminate() noexcept
+    {
+#if defined(GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND)
+        (*gsl::details::get_terminate_handler())();
+#else
+        std::terminate();
+#endif // defined(GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND)
+    }
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#define GSL_CONTRACT_CHECK(type, cond)                                                             \
+    (GSL_LIKELY(cond) ? static_cast<void>(0) : gsl::details::terminate())
+
+#define Expects(cond) GSL_CONTRACT_CHECK("Precondition", cond)
+#define Ensures(cond) GSL_CONTRACT_CHECK("Postcondition", cond)
+
+#if defined(GSL_MSVC_USE_STL_NOEXCEPTION_WORKAROUND) && defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // GSL_CONTRACTS_H

+ 209 - 0
external/include/gsl/gsl_byte

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_BYTE_H
+#define GSL_BYTE_H
+
+//
+// make suppress attributes work for some compilers
+// Hopefully temporary until suppression standardization occurs
+//
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x) [[gsl::suppress("x")]]
+#else
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x) [[gsl::suppress(x)]]
+#else
+#define GSL_SUPPRESS(x)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+#endif // __clang__
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+// VS2017 15.8 added support for the __cpp_lib_byte definition
+// To do: drop _HAS_STD_BYTE when support for pre 15.8 expires
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+// Turn MSVC /analyze rules that generate too much noise. TODO: fix in the tool.
+#pragma warning(disable : 26493) // don't use c-style casts // TODO: MSVC suppression in templates does not always work
+
+#ifndef GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+// this tests if we are under MSVC and the standard lib has std::byte and it is enabled
+#if (defined(_HAS_STD_BYTE) && _HAS_STD_BYTE) || (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && __cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)
+
+#define GSL_USE_STD_BYTE 1
+
+#else // (defined(_HAS_STD_BYTE) && _HAS_STD_BYTE) || (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && __cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)
+
+#define GSL_USE_STD_BYTE 0
+
+#endif // (defined(_HAS_STD_BYTE) && _HAS_STD_BYTE) || (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && __cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)
+#endif // GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+
+#else // _MSC_VER
+
+#ifndef GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+#include <cstddef> /* __cpp_lib_byte */
+// this tests if we are under GCC or Clang with enough -std:c++1z power to get us std::byte
+// also check if libc++ version is sufficient (> 5.0) or libstc++ actually contains std::byte
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L) && \
+  (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)  || \
+   defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && (_LIBCPP_VERSION >= 5000))
+
+#define GSL_USE_STD_BYTE 1
+
+#else // defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L) &&
+      //   (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)  ||
+      //    defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && (_LIBCPP_VERSION >= 5000))
+
+#define GSL_USE_STD_BYTE 0
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L) &&
+       //   (defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte >= 201603)  ||
+       //    defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && (_LIBCPP_VERSION >= 5000))
+#endif // GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+// Use __may_alias__ attribute on gcc and clang
+#if defined __clang__ || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 5)
+#define byte_may_alias __attribute__((__may_alias__))
+#else // defined __clang__ || defined __GNUC__
+#define byte_may_alias
+#endif // defined __clang__ || defined __GNUC__
+
+#if GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+#include <cstddef>
+#endif
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+#if GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+
+using std::byte;
+using std::to_integer;
+
+#else // GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+
+// This is a simple definition for now that allows
+// use of byte within span<> to be standards-compliant
+enum class byte_may_alias byte : unsigned char
+{
+};
+
+template <class IntegerType, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value>>
+constexpr byte& operator<<=(byte& b, IntegerType shift) noexcept
+{
+    return b = byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) << shift);
+}
+
+template <class IntegerType, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value>>
+constexpr byte operator<<(byte b, IntegerType shift) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) << shift);
+}
+
+template <class IntegerType, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value>>
+constexpr byte& operator>>=(byte& b, IntegerType shift) noexcept
+{
+    return b = byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) >> shift);
+}
+
+template <class IntegerType, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value>>
+constexpr byte operator>>(byte b, IntegerType shift) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(b) >> shift);
+}
+
+constexpr byte& operator|=(byte& l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return l = byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) | static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte operator|(byte l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) | static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte& operator&=(byte& l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return l = byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) & static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte operator&(byte l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) & static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte& operator^=(byte& l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return l = byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte operator^(byte l, byte r) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(static_cast<unsigned char>(l) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(r));
+}
+
+constexpr byte operator~(byte b) noexcept { return byte(~static_cast<unsigned char>(b)); }
+
+template <class IntegerType, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value>>
+constexpr IntegerType to_integer(byte b) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<IntegerType>(b);
+}
+
+#endif // GSL_USE_STD_BYTE
+
+template <bool E, typename T>
+constexpr byte to_byte_impl(T t) noexcept
+{
+    static_assert(
+        E, "gsl::to_byte(t) must be provided an unsigned char, otherwise data loss may occur. "
+           "If you are calling to_byte with an integer contant use: gsl::to_byte<t>() version.");
+    return static_cast<byte>(t);
+}
+template <>
+// NOTE: need suppression since c++14 does not allow "return {t}"
+// GSL_SUPPRESS(type.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: suppression does not work
+constexpr byte to_byte_impl<true, unsigned char>(unsigned char t) noexcept
+{
+    return byte(t);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr byte to_byte(T t) noexcept
+{
+    return to_byte_impl<std::is_same<T, unsigned char>::value, T>(t);
+}
+
+template <int I>
+constexpr byte to_byte() noexcept
+{
+    static_assert(I >= 0 && I <= 255,
+                  "gsl::byte only has 8 bits of storage, values must be in range 0-255");
+    return static_cast<byte>(I);
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif // GSL_BYTE_H

+ 154 - 0
external/include/gsl/gsl_util

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_UTIL_H
+#define GSL_UTIL_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Expects
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>          // for ptrdiff_t, size_t
+#include <initializer_list> // for initializer_list
+#include <type_traits>      // for is_signed, integral_constant
+#include <utility>          // for exchange, forward
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+
+#endif            // _MSC_VER
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+//
+// GSL.util: utilities
+//
+
+// index type for all container indexes/subscripts/sizes
+using index = std::ptrdiff_t;
+
+// final_action allows you to ensure something gets run at the end of a scope
+template <class F>
+class final_action
+{
+public:
+    explicit final_action(F f) noexcept : f_(std::move(f)) {}
+
+    final_action(final_action&& other) noexcept : f_(std::move(other.f_)), invoke_(std::exchange(other.invoke_, false)) {}
+
+    final_action(const final_action&) = delete;
+    final_action& operator=(const final_action&) = delete;
+    final_action& operator=(final_action&&) = delete;
+
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(f.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // terminate if throws
+    ~final_action() noexcept
+    {
+        if (invoke_) f_();
+    }
+
+private:
+    F f_;
+    bool invoke_{true};
+};
+
+// finally() - convenience function to generate a final_action
+template <class F>
+final_action<F> finally(const F& f) noexcept
+{
+    return final_action<F>(f);
+}
+
+template <class F>
+final_action<F> finally(F&& f) noexcept
+{
+    return final_action<F>(std::forward<F>(f));
+}
+
+// narrow_cast(): a searchable way to do narrowing casts of values
+template <class T, class U>
+GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+constexpr T narrow_cast(U&& u) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+}
+
+struct narrowing_error : public std::exception
+{
+};
+
+namespace details
+{
+    template <class T, class U>
+    struct is_same_signedness
+        : public std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_signed<T>::value == std::is_signed<U>::value>
+    {
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+// narrow() : a checked version of narrow_cast() that throws if the cast changed the value
+template <class T, class U>
+GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+GSL_SUPPRESS(f.6) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: MSVC /analyze does not recognise noexcept(false)
+constexpr
+T narrow(U u) noexcept(false)
+{
+    T t = narrow_cast<T>(u);
+    if (static_cast<U>(t) != u) throw narrowing_error{};
+    if (!details::is_same_signedness<T, U>::value && ((t < T{}) != (u < U{})))
+        throw narrowing_error{};
+    return t;
+}
+
+//
+// at() - Bounds-checked way of accessing builtin arrays, std::array, std::vector
+//
+template <class T, std::size_t N>
+GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+constexpr T& at(T (&arr)[N], const index i)
+{
+    Expects(i >= 0 && i < narrow_cast<index>(N));
+    return arr[narrow_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
+}
+
+template <class Cont>
+GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.2) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+constexpr auto at(Cont& cont, const index i) -> decltype(cont[cont.size()])
+{
+    Expects(i >= 0 && i < narrow_cast<index>(cont.size()));
+    using size_type = decltype(cont.size());
+    return cont[narrow_cast<size_type>(i)];
+}
+
+template <class T>
+GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+constexpr T at(const std::initializer_list<T> cont, const index i)
+{
+    Expects(i >= 0 && i < narrow_cast<index>(cont.size()));
+    return *(cont.begin() + i);
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#pragma warning(pop)
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif // GSL_UTIL_H

Diff do ficheiro suprimidas por serem muito extensas
+ 2273 - 0
external/include/gsl/multi_span


+ 301 - 0
external/include/gsl/pointers

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_POINTERS_H
+#define GSL_POINTERS_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert>  // for Ensures, Expects
+
+#include <algorithm>    // for forward
+#include <iosfwd>       // for ptrdiff_t, nullptr_t, ostream, size_t
+#include <memory>       // for shared_ptr, unique_ptr
+#include <system_error> // for hash
+#include <type_traits>  // for enable_if_t, is_convertible, is_assignable
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma push_macro("constexpr")
+#define constexpr /*constexpr*/
+
+#endif                          // defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+//
+// GSL.owner: ownership pointers
+//
+using std::unique_ptr;
+using std::shared_ptr;
+
+//
+// owner
+//
+// owner<T> is designed as a bridge for code that must deal directly with owning pointers for some reason
+//
+// T must be a pointer type
+// - disallow construction from any type other than pointer type
+//
+template <class T, class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value>>
+using owner = T;
+
+//
+// not_null
+//
+// Restricts a pointer or smart pointer to only hold non-null values.
+//
+// Has zero size overhead over T.
+//
+// If T is a pointer (i.e. T == U*) then
+// - allow construction from U*
+// - disallow construction from nullptr_t
+// - disallow default construction
+// - ensure construction from null U* fails
+// - allow implicit conversion to U*
+//
+template <class T>
+class not_null
+{
+public:
+    static_assert(std::is_assignable<T&, std::nullptr_t>::value, "T cannot be assigned nullptr.");
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(U&& u) : ptr_(std::forward<U>(u))
+    {
+        Expects(ptr_ != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    template <typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nullptr_t, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(T u) : ptr_(u)
+    {
+        Expects(ptr_ != nullptr);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr not_null(const not_null<U>& other) : not_null(other.get())
+    {
+    }
+
+    not_null(const not_null& other) = default;
+    not_null& operator=(const not_null& other) = default;
+
+    constexpr T get() const
+    {
+        Ensures(ptr_ != nullptr);
+        return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    constexpr operator T() const { return get(); }
+    constexpr T operator->() const { return get(); }
+    constexpr decltype(auto) operator*() const { return *get(); }
+
+    // prevents compilation when someone attempts to assign a null pointer constant
+    not_null(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+    not_null& operator=(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+
+    // unwanted operators...pointers only point to single objects!
+    not_null& operator++() = delete;
+    not_null& operator--() = delete;
+    not_null operator++(int) = delete;
+    not_null operator--(int) = delete;
+    not_null& operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    not_null& operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    void operator[](std::ptrdiff_t) const = delete;
+
+private:
+    T ptr_;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+auto make_not_null(T&& t) {
+    return not_null<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>{std::forward<T>(t)};
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const not_null<T>& val)
+{
+    os << val.get();
+    return os;
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator==(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() == rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() == rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator!=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() != rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() != rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator<(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() < rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() < rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator<=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() <= rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() <= rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator>(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() > rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() > rhs.get();
+}
+
+template <class T, class U>
+auto operator>=(const not_null<T>& lhs, const not_null<U>& rhs) -> decltype(lhs.get() >= rhs.get())
+{
+    return lhs.get() >= rhs.get();
+}
+
+// more unwanted operators
+template <class T, class U>
+std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const not_null<T>&, const not_null<U>&) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator-(const not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator+(const not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+not_null<T> operator+(std::ptrdiff_t, const not_null<T>&) = delete;
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+namespace std
+{
+template <class T>
+struct hash<gsl::not_null<T>>
+{
+    std::size_t operator()(const gsl::not_null<T>& value) const { return hash<T>{}(value); }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+//
+// strict_not_null
+//
+// Restricts a pointer or smart pointer to only hold non-null values,
+//
+// - provides a strict (i.e. explicit constructor from T) wrapper of not_null
+// - to be used for new code that wishes the design to be cleaner and make not_null
+//   checks intentional, or in old code that would like to make the transition.
+//
+//   To make the transition from not_null, incrementally replace not_null
+//   by strict_not_null and fix compilation errors
+//
+//   Expect to
+//   - remove all unneeded conversions from raw pointer to not_null and back
+//   - make API clear by specifying not_null in parameters where needed
+//   - remove unnecessary asserts
+//
+template <class T>
+class strict_not_null: public not_null<T>
+{
+public:
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr explicit strict_not_null(U&& u) :
+        not_null<T>(std::forward<U>(u))
+    {}
+
+    template <typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nullptr_t, T>::value>>
+    constexpr explicit strict_not_null(T u) :
+        not_null<T>(u)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr strict_not_null(const not_null<U>& other) :
+        not_null<T>(other)
+    {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>>
+    constexpr strict_not_null(const strict_not_null<U>& other) :
+        not_null<T>(other)
+    {}
+
+    strict_not_null(strict_not_null&& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null(const strict_not_null& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(const strict_not_null& other) = default;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(const not_null<T>& other)
+    {
+        not_null<T>::operator=(other);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // prevents compilation when someone attempts to assign a null pointer constant
+    strict_not_null(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator=(std::nullptr_t) = delete;
+
+    // unwanted operators...pointers only point to single objects!
+    strict_not_null& operator++() = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator--() = delete;
+    strict_not_null operator++(int) = delete;
+    strict_not_null operator--(int) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    strict_not_null& operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+    void operator[](std::ptrdiff_t) const = delete;
+};
+
+// more unwanted operators
+template <class T, class U>
+std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const strict_not_null<T>&, const strict_not_null<U>&) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator-(const strict_not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator+(const strict_not_null<T>&, std::ptrdiff_t) = delete;
+template <class T>
+strict_not_null<T> operator+(std::ptrdiff_t, const strict_not_null<T>&) = delete;
+
+template <class T>
+auto make_strict_not_null(T&& t) {
+    return strict_not_null<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>{std::forward<T>(t)};
+}
+
+#if ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+// deduction guides to prevent the ctad-maybe-unsupported warning
+template <class T> not_null(T) -> not_null<T>;
+template <class T> strict_not_null(T) -> strict_not_null<T>;
+
+#endif // ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+namespace std
+{
+template <class T>
+struct hash<gsl::strict_not_null<T>>
+{
+    std::size_t operator()(const gsl::strict_not_null<T>& value) const { return hash<T>{}(value); }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#undef constexpr
+#pragma pop_macro("constexpr")
+
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910 && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#endif // GSL_POINTERS_H

+ 816 - 0
external/include/gsl/span

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_SPAN_H
+#define GSL_SPAN_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Expects
+#include <gsl/gsl_byte>   // for byte
+
+#include <array>       // for array
+#include <cstddef>     // for ptrdiff_t, size_t, nullptr_t
+#include <iterator>    // for reverse_iterator, distance, random_access_...
+#include <type_traits> // for enable_if_t, declval, is_convertible, inte...
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+// turn off some warnings that are noisy about our Expects statements
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#pragma warning(                                                                                   \
+    disable : 4146) // unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702) // unreachable code
+
+// Turn MSVC /analyze rules that generate too much noise. TODO: fix in the tool.
+#pragma warning(disable : 26495) // uninitalized member when constructor calls constructor
+#pragma warning(disable : 26446) // parser bug does not allow attributes on some templates
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+// See if we have enough C++17 power to use a static constexpr data member
+// without needing an out-of-line definition
+#if !(defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L))
+#define GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND
+#endif // !(defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201703L))
+
+// GCC 7 does not like the signed unsigned missmatch (size_t ptrdiff_t)
+// While there is a conversion from signed to unsigned, it happens at
+// compiletime, so the compiler wouldn't have to warn indiscriminately, but
+// could check if the source value actually doesn't fit into the target type
+// and only warn in those cases.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+// [views.constants], constants
+constexpr const std::size_t dynamic_extent = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+class span;
+
+// implementation details
+namespace details
+{
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_span_oracle : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct is_span_oracle<gsl::span<ElementType, Extent>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_span : public is_span_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_std_array_oracle : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct is_std_array_oracle<std::array<ElementType, Extent>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class T>
+    struct is_std_array : is_std_array_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t From, std::size_t To>
+    struct is_allowed_extent_conversion
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, From == To || To == gsl::dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class From, class To>
+    struct is_allowed_element_type_conversion
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_convertible<From (*)[], To (*)[]>::value>
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <class Type>
+    class span_iterator
+    {
+    public:
+        using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+        using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<Type>;
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using pointer = Type*;
+        using reference = Type&;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        using _Unchecked_type = pointer;
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+        constexpr span_iterator() = default;
+
+        constexpr span_iterator(pointer begin, pointer end, pointer current)
+            : begin_(begin), end_(end), current_(current)
+        {}
+
+        constexpr operator span_iterator<const Type>() const noexcept
+        {
+            return {begin_, end_, current_};
+        }
+
+        constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ <= current_ && current_ < end_);
+            return *current_;
+        }
+
+        constexpr pointer operator->() const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ <= current_ && current_ < end_);
+            return current_;
+        }
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator++() noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            Expects(current_ < end_);
+            ++current_;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator++(int) noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ++*this;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator--() noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ && end_);
+            Expects(begin_ < current_);
+            --current_;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator--(int) noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            --*this;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator+=(const difference_type n) noexcept
+        {
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= -n);
+            current_ += n;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator+(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ret += n;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        friend constexpr span_iterator operator+(const difference_type n,
+                                                 const span_iterator& rhs) noexcept
+        {
+            return rhs + n;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator& operator-=(const difference_type n) noexcept
+        {
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= -n);
+            current_ -= n;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        constexpr span_iterator operator-(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            span_iterator ret = *this;
+            ret -= n;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr difference_type operator-(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ - rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        constexpr reference operator[](const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        {
+            return *(*this + n);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator==(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ == rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator!=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(*this == rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator<(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            Expects(begin_ == rhs.begin_ && end_ == rhs.end_);
+            return current_ < rhs.current_;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator>(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return rhs < *this;
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator<=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(rhs < *this);
+        }
+
+        template <
+            class Type2,
+            std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<Type2>, value_type>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr bool operator>=(const span_iterator<Type2>& rhs) const noexcept
+        {
+            return !(*this < rhs);
+        }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        // MSVC++ iterator debugging support; allows STL algorithms in 15.8+
+        // to unwrap span_iterator to a pointer type after a range check in STL
+        // algorithm calls
+        friend constexpr void _Verify_range(span_iterator lhs, span_iterator rhs) noexcept
+        { // test that [lhs, rhs) forms a valid range inside an STL algorithm
+            Expects(lhs.begin_ == rhs.begin_ // range spans have to match
+                    && lhs.end_ == rhs.end_ &&
+                    lhs.current_ <= rhs.current_); // range must not be transposed
+        }
+
+        constexpr void _Verify_offset(const difference_type n) const noexcept
+        { // test that *this + n is within the range of this call
+            if (n != 0) Expects(begin_ && current_ && end_);
+            if (n > 0) Expects(end_ - current_ >= n);
+            if (n < 0) Expects(current_ - begin_ >= -n);
+        }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr pointer _Unwrapped() const noexcept
+        { // after seeking *this to a high water mark, or using one of the
+            // _Verify_xxx functions above, unwrap this span_iterator to a raw
+            // pointer
+            return current_;
+        }
+
+        // Tell the STL that span_iterator should not be unwrapped if it can't
+        // validate in advance, even in release / optimized builds:
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+        static constexpr const bool _Unwrap_when_unverified = false;
+#else
+        static constexpr bool _Unwrap_when_unverified = false;
+#endif
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(con.3) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr void _Seek_to(const pointer p) noexcept
+        { // adjust the position of *this to previously verified location p
+            // after _Unwrapped
+            current_ = p;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        pointer begin_ = nullptr;
+        pointer end_ = nullptr;
+        pointer current_ = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t Ext>
+    class extent_type
+    {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+        constexpr extent_type() noexcept = default;
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(extent_type<dynamic_extent>);
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(size_type size) { Expects(size == Ext); }
+
+        constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return Ext; }
+
+    private:
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+        static constexpr const size_type size_ = Ext; // static size equal to Ext
+#else
+        static constexpr size_type size_ = Ext; // static size equal to Ext
+#endif
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    class extent_type<dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+
+        template <size_type Other>
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(extent_type<Other> ext) : size_(ext.size())
+        {}
+
+        constexpr explicit extent_type(size_type size) : size_(size)
+        {
+            Expects(size != dynamic_extent);
+        }
+
+        constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return size_; }
+
+    private:
+        size_type size_;
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t Ext>
+    constexpr extent_type<Ext>::extent_type(extent_type<dynamic_extent> ext)
+    {
+        Expects(ext.size() == Ext);
+    }
+
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent, std::size_t Offset, std::size_t Count>
+    struct calculate_subspan_type
+    {
+        using type = span<ElementType, Count != dynamic_extent
+                                           ? Count
+                                           : (Extent != dynamic_extent ? Extent - Offset : Extent)>;
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+// [span], class template span
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+class span
+{
+public:
+    // constants and types
+    using element_type = ElementType;
+    using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+    using pointer = element_type*;
+    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
+    using reference = element_type&;
+    using const_reference = const element_type&;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+
+    using iterator = details::span_iterator<ElementType>;
+    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
+
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+    static constexpr const size_type extent{Extent};
+#else
+    static constexpr size_type extent{Extent};
+#endif
+
+    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
+    template <bool Dependent = false,
+              // "Dependent" is needed to make "std::enable_if_t<Dependent || Extent == 0 || Extent
+              // == dynamic_extent>" SFINAE, since "std::enable_if_t<Extent == 0 || Extent ==
+              // dynamic_extent>" is ill-formed when Extent is greater than 0.
+              class = std::enable_if_t<(Dependent ||
+                                        details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<0, Extent>::value)>>
+    constexpr span() noexcept : storage_(nullptr, details::extent_type<0>())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent != gsl::dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(pointer ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count)
+    {
+        Expects(count == Extent);
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent == gsl::dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(pointer ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count)
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent != gsl::dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem) noexcept
+        : storage_(firstElem, static_cast<std::size_t>(lastElem - firstElem))
+    {
+        Expects(lastElem - firstElem == static_cast<difference_type>(Extent));
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, std::enable_if_t<MyExtent == gsl::dynamic_extent, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem) noexcept
+        : storage_(firstElem, static_cast<std::size_t>(lastElem - firstElem))
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t N,
+              std::enable_if_t<details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(element_type (&arr)[N]) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr + 0}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class T, std::size_t N,
+        std::enable_if_t<(details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value &&
+                          details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<T, element_type>::value),
+                         int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(std::array<T, N>& arr) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr.data()}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    template <class T, std::size_t N,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  (details::is_allowed_extent_conversion<N, Extent>::value &&
+                   details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<const T, element_type>::value),
+                  int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const std::array<T, N>& arr) noexcept
+        : storage_(KnownNotNull{arr.data()}, details::extent_type<N>())
+    {}
+
+    // NB: the SFINAE on these constructors uses .data() as an incomplete/imperfect proxy for the
+    // requirement on Container to be a contiguous sequence container.
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent != dynamic_extent &&
+                  !details::is_span<Container>::value && !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<
+                      std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+                  !details::is_span<Container>::value && !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<
+                      std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent != dynamic_extent &&
+                  std::is_const<element_type>::value && !details::is_span<Container>::value &&
+                  !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<std::remove_pointer_t<
+                      decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(const Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t MyExtent = Extent, class Container,
+              std::enable_if_t<
+                  MyExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+                  std::is_const<element_type>::value && !details::is_span<Container>::value &&
+                  !details::is_std_array<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_pointer<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<std::remove_pointer_t<
+                      decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())> (*)[],
+                      element_type (*)[]>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const Container& cont) noexcept : span(cont.data(), cont.size())
+    {}
+
+    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    template <
+        class OtherElementType, std::size_t OtherExtent, std::size_t MyExtent = Extent,
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            (MyExtent == dynamic_extent || MyExtent == OtherExtent) &&
+            details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<OtherElementType, element_type>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& other) noexcept
+        : storage_(other.data(), details::extent_type<OtherExtent>(other.size()))
+    {}
+
+    template <
+        class OtherElementType, std::size_t OtherExtent, std::size_t MyExtent = Extent,
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            MyExtent != dynamic_extent && OtherExtent == dynamic_extent &&
+            details::is_allowed_element_type_conversion<OtherElementType, element_type>::value, int> = 0>
+    constexpr explicit span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& other) noexcept
+        : storage_(other.data(), details::extent_type<OtherExtent>(other.size()))
+    {}
+
+    ~span() noexcept = default;
+    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    // [span.sub], span subviews
+    template <std::size_t Count>
+    constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(Count <= size());
+        return span<element_type, Count>{data(), Count};
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Count>
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(Count <= size());
+        return span<element_type, Count>{data() + (size() - Count), Count};
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Offset, std::size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept ->
+        typename details::calculate_subspan_type<ElementType, Extent, Offset, Count>::type
+    {
+        Expects((size() >= Offset) && (Count == dynamic_extent || (Count <= size() - Offset)));
+        using type = typename details::calculate_subspan_type<ElementType, Extent, Offset, Count>::type;
+        return type{data() + Offset, Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - Offset : Count};
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(count <= size());
+        return {data(), count};
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(count <= size());
+        return make_subspan(size() - count, dynamic_extent, subspan_selector<Extent>{});
+    }
+
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset,
+                                                         size_type count = dynamic_extent) const
+        noexcept
+    {
+        return make_subspan(offset, count, subspan_selector<Extent>{});
+    }
+
+    // [span.obs], span observers
+    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return storage_.size(); }
+
+    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() < dynamic_extent / sizeof(element_type));
+        return size() * sizeof(element_type);
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
+
+    // [span.elem], span element access
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(idx < size());
+        return data()[idx];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference front() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() > 0);
+        return data()[0];
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference back() const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() > 0);
+        return data()[size() - 1];
+    }
+
+    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return storage_.data(); }
+
+    // [span.iter], span iterator support
+    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        const auto data = storage_.data();
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        return {data, data + size(), data};
+    }
+
+    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept
+    {
+        const auto data = storage_.data();
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        const auto endData = data + storage_.size();
+        return {data, endData, endData};
+    }
+
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{end()}; }
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator{begin()}; }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    // Tell MSVC how to unwrap spans in range-based-for
+    constexpr pointer _Unchecked_begin() const noexcept { return data(); }
+    constexpr pointer _Unchecked_end() const noexcept
+    {
+        // clang-format off
+        GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+        // clang-format on
+        return data() + size();
+    }
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+private:
+    // Needed to remove unnecessary null check in subspans
+    struct KnownNotNull
+    {
+        pointer p;
+    };
+
+    // this implementation detail class lets us take advantage of the
+    // empty base class optimization to pay for only storage of a single
+    // pointer in the case of fixed-size spans
+    template <class ExtentType>
+    class storage_type : public ExtentType
+    {
+    public:
+        // KnownNotNull parameter is needed to remove unnecessary null check
+        // in subspans and constructors from arrays
+        template <class OtherExtentType>
+        constexpr storage_type(KnownNotNull data, OtherExtentType ext)
+            : ExtentType(ext), data_(data.p)
+        {
+            Expects(ExtentType::size() != dynamic_extent);
+        }
+
+        template <class OtherExtentType>
+        constexpr storage_type(pointer data, OtherExtentType ext) : ExtentType(ext), data_(data)
+        {
+            Expects(ExtentType::size() != dynamic_extent);
+            Expects(data || ExtentType::size() == 0);
+        }
+
+        constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return data_; }
+
+    private:
+        pointer data_;
+    };
+
+    storage_type<details::extent_type<Extent>> storage_;
+
+    // The rest is needed to remove unnecessary null check
+    // in subspans and constructors from arrays
+    constexpr span(KnownNotNull ptr, size_type count) noexcept : storage_(ptr, count) {}
+
+    template <std::size_t CallerExtent>
+    class subspan_selector
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <std::size_t CallerExtent>
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> make_subspan(size_type offset, size_type count,
+                                                              subspan_selector<CallerExtent>) const
+        noexcept
+    {
+        const span<element_type, dynamic_extent> tmp(*this);
+        return tmp.subspan(offset, count);
+    }
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
+    make_subspan(size_type offset, size_type count, subspan_selector<dynamic_extent>) const noexcept
+    {
+        Expects(size() >= offset);
+
+        if (count == dynamic_extent) { return {KnownNotNull{data() + offset}, size() - offset}; }
+
+        Expects(size() - offset >= count);
+        return {KnownNotNull{data() + offset}, count};
+    }
+};
+
+#if (defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L))
+
+// Deduction Guides
+template <class Type, std::size_t Extent>
+span(Type (&)[Extent])->span<Type, Extent>;
+
+template <class Type, std::size_t Size>
+span(std::array<Type, Size>&)->span<Type, Size>;
+
+template <class Type, std::size_t Size>
+span(const std::array<Type, Size>&)->span<const Type, Size>;
+
+template <class Container,
+    class Element = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<Container&>().data())>>
+span(Container&)->span<Element>;
+
+template <class Container,
+    class Element = std::remove_pointer_t<decltype(std::declval<const Container&>().data())>>
+span(const Container&)->span<Element>;
+
+#endif // ( defined(__cpp_deduction_guides) && (__cpp_deduction_guides >= 201611L) )
+
+#if defined(GSL_USE_STATIC_CONSTEXPR_WORKAROUND)
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr const typename span<ElementType, Extent>::size_type span<ElementType, Extent>::extent;
+#endif
+
+namespace details
+{
+    // if we only supported compilers with good constexpr support then
+    // this pair of classes could collapse down to a constexpr function
+
+    // we should use a narrow_cast<> to go to std::size_t, but older compilers may not see it as
+    // constexpr
+    // and so will fail compilation of the template
+    template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct calculate_byte_size : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, sizeof(ElementType) * Extent>
+    {
+        static_assert(Extent < dynamic_extent / sizeof(ElementType), "Size is too big.");
+    };
+
+    template <class ElementType>
+    struct calculate_byte_size<ElementType, dynamic_extent>
+        : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, dynamic_extent>
+    {
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+span<const byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    using type = span<const byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    return type{reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent,
+          std::enable_if_t<!std::is_const<ElementType>::value, int> = 0>
+span<byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    using type = span<byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    // clang-format on
+    return type{reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ > 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif // __GNUC__ > 6
+
+#endif // GSL_SPAN_H

+ 198 - 0
external/include/gsl/span_ext

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_SPAN_EXT_H
+#define GSL_SPAN_EXT_H
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// File: span_ext
+// Purpose: continue offering features that have been cut from the official
+//   implementation of span.
+//   While modernizing gsl::span a number of features needed to be removed to
+//   be compliant with the design of std::span
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_util> // for narrow_cast, narrow
+#include <gsl/span>     // for span
+
+#include <algorithm> // for lexicographical_compare
+#include <cstddef>   // for ptrdiff_t, size_t
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+
+// [span.comparison], span comparison operators
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t FirstExtent, std::size_t SecondExtent>
+constexpr bool operator==(span<ElementType, FirstExtent> l, span<ElementType, SecondExtent> r)
+{
+    return std::equal(l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end());
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr bool operator!=(span<ElementType, Extent> l, span<ElementType, Extent> r)
+{
+    return !(l == r);
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr bool operator<(span<ElementType, Extent> l, span<ElementType, Extent> r)
+{
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(l.begin(), l.end(), r.begin(), r.end());
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr bool operator<=(span<ElementType, Extent> l, span<ElementType, Extent> r)
+{
+    return !(l > r);
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr bool operator>(span<ElementType, Extent> l, span<ElementType, Extent> r)
+{
+    return r < l;
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr bool operator>=(span<ElementType, Extent> l, span<ElementType, Extent> r)
+{
+    return !(l < r);
+}
+
+//
+// make_span() - Utility functions for creating spans
+//
+template <class ElementType>
+constexpr span<ElementType> make_span(ElementType* ptr, typename span<ElementType>::size_type count)
+{
+    return span<ElementType>(ptr, count);
+}
+
+template <class ElementType>
+constexpr span<ElementType> make_span(ElementType* firstElem, ElementType* lastElem)
+{
+    return span<ElementType>(firstElem, lastElem);
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t N>
+constexpr span<ElementType, N> make_span(ElementType (&arr)[N]) noexcept
+{
+    return span<ElementType, N>(arr);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+constexpr span<typename Container::value_type> make_span(Container& cont)
+{
+    return span<typename Container::value_type>(cont);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+constexpr span<const typename Container::value_type> make_span(const Container& cont)
+{
+    return span<const typename Container::value_type>(cont);
+}
+
+template <class Ptr>
+constexpr span<typename Ptr::element_type> make_span(Ptr& cont, std::size_t count)
+{
+    return span<typename Ptr::element_type>(cont, count);
+}
+
+template <class Ptr>
+constexpr span<typename Ptr::element_type> make_span(Ptr& cont)
+{
+    return span<typename Ptr::element_type>(cont);
+}
+
+// Specialization of gsl::at for span
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr ElementType& at(span<ElementType, Extent> s, index i)
+{
+    // No bounds checking here because it is done in span::operator[] called below
+    Ensures(i >= 0);
+    return s[narrow_cast<std::size_t>(i)];
+}
+
+// [span.obs] Free observer functions
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr std::ptrdiff_t ssize(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(s.size());
+}
+
+// [span.iter] Free functions for begin/end functions
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::iterator
+begin(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.begin();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::iterator
+end(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.end();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::reverse_iterator
+rbegin(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.rbegin();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::reverse_iterator
+rend(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.rend();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::iterator
+cbegin(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.begin();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::iterator
+cend(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.end();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::reverse_iterator
+crbegin(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.rbegin();
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+constexpr typename span<ElementType, Extent>::reverse_iterator
+crend(const span<ElementType, Extent>& s) noexcept
+{
+    return s.rend();
+}
+
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#endif // GSL_SPAN_EXT_H

+ 706 - 0
external/include/gsl/string_span

@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef GSL_STRING_SPAN_H
+#define GSL_STRING_SPAN_H
+
+#include <gsl/gsl_assert> // for Ensures, Expects
+#include <gsl/gsl_util>   // for narrow_cast
+#include <gsl/span_ext>       // for operator!=, operator==, dynamic_extent
+
+#include <algorithm> // for equal, lexicographical_compare
+#include <array>     // for array
+#include <cstddef>   // for size_t, nullptr_t
+#include <cstdint>   // for PTRDIFF_MAX
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>    // for basic_string, allocator, char_traits
+#include <type_traits> // for declval, is_convertible, enable_if_t, add_...
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+// Turn MSVC /analyze rules that generate too much noise. TODO: fix in the tool.
+#pragma warning(disable : 26446) // TODO: bug in parser - attributes and templates
+#pragma warning(disable : 26481) // TODO: suppress does not work inside templates sometimes
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+namespace gsl
+{
+//
+// czstring and wzstring
+//
+// These are "tag" typedefs for C-style strings (i.e. null-terminated character arrays)
+// that allow static analysis to help find bugs.
+//
+// There are no additional features/semantics that we can find a way to add inside the
+// type system for these types that will not either incur significant runtime costs or
+// (sometimes needlessly) break existing programs when introduced.
+//
+
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using basic_zstring = CharT*;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using czstring = basic_zstring<const char, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cwzstring = basic_zstring<const wchar_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cu16zstring = basic_zstring<const char16_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cu32zstring = basic_zstring<const char32_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using zstring = basic_zstring<char, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using wzstring = basic_zstring<wchar_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using u16zstring = basic_zstring<char16_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using u32zstring = basic_zstring<char32_t, Extent>;
+
+namespace details
+{
+    template <class CharT>
+    std::size_t string_length(const CharT* str, std::size_t n)
+    {
+        if (str == nullptr || n == dynamic_extent) return 0;
+
+        const span<const CharT> str_span{str, n};
+
+        std::size_t len = 0;
+        while (len < n && str_span[len]) len++;
+
+        return len;
+    }
+} // namespace details
+
+//
+// ensure_sentinel()
+//
+// Provides a way to obtain an span from a contiguous sequence
+// that ends with a (non-inclusive) sentinel value.
+//
+// Will fail-fast if sentinel cannot be found before max elements are examined.
+//
+template <typename T, const T Sentinel>
+span<T, dynamic_extent> ensure_sentinel(T* seq,
+                                        std::size_t max = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1))
+{
+    Ensures(seq != nullptr);
+
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(
+        f.23) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: false positive // TODO: suppress does not work
+    auto cur = seq;
+    Ensures(cur != nullptr); // workaround for removing the warning
+
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: suppress does not work
+    while (static_cast<std::size_t>(cur - seq) < max && *cur != Sentinel) ++cur;
+    Ensures(*cur == Sentinel);
+    return {seq, static_cast<std::size_t>(cur - seq)};
+}
+
+//
+// ensure_z - creates a span for a zero terminated strings.
+// Will fail fast if a null-terminator cannot be found before
+// the limit of size_type.
+//
+template <typename CharT>
+span<CharT, dynamic_extent> ensure_z(CharT* const& sz,
+                                     std::size_t max = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1))
+{
+    return ensure_sentinel<CharT, CharT(0)>(sz, max);
+}
+
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t N>
+span<CharT, dynamic_extent> ensure_z(CharT (&sz)[N])
+{
+    return ensure_z(&sz[0], N);
+}
+
+template <class Cont>
+span<typename std::remove_pointer<typename Cont::pointer>::type, dynamic_extent>
+ensure_z(Cont& cont)
+{
+    return ensure_z(cont.data(), cont.size());
+}
+
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t>
+class basic_string_span;
+
+namespace details
+{
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_basic_string_span_oracle : std::false_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent>
+    struct is_basic_string_span_oracle<basic_string_span<CharT, Extent>> : std::true_type
+    {
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_basic_string_span : is_basic_string_span_oracle<std::remove_cv_t<T>>
+    {
+    };
+} // namespace details
+
+//
+// string_span and relatives
+//
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+class basic_string_span
+{
+public:
+    using element_type = CharT;
+    using value_type = std::remove_cv_t<element_type>;
+    using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<element_type>;
+    using reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<element_type>;
+    using const_reference = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<std::add_const_t<element_type>>;
+    using impl_type = span<element_type, Extent>;
+
+    using size_type = typename impl_type::size_type;
+    using iterator = typename impl_type::iterator;
+    using reverse_iterator = typename impl_type::reverse_iterator;
+
+    // default (empty)
+    constexpr basic_string_span() noexcept = default;
+
+    // copy
+    constexpr basic_string_span(const basic_string_span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    // assign
+    constexpr basic_string_span& operator=(const basic_string_span& other) noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr basic_string_span(pointer ptr, size_type length) : span_(ptr, length) {}
+    constexpr basic_string_span(pointer firstElem, pointer lastElem) : span_(firstElem, lastElem) {}
+
+    // From static arrays - if 0-terminated, remove 0 from the view
+    // All other containers allow 0s within the length, so we do not remove them
+    template <std::size_t N>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(element_type (&arr)[N]) : span_(remove_z(arr))
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t N, class ArrayElementType = std::remove_const_t<element_type>>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(std::array<ArrayElementType, N>& arr) noexcept : span_(arr)
+    {}
+
+    template <std::size_t N, class ArrayElementType = std::remove_const_t<element_type>>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(const std::array<ArrayElementType, N>& arr) noexcept : span_(arr)
+    {}
+
+    // Container signature should work for basic_string after C++17 version exists
+    template <class Traits, class Allocator>
+    // GSL_SUPPRESS(bounds.4) // NO-FORMAT: attribute // TODO: parser bug
+    constexpr basic_string_span(std::basic_string<element_type, Traits, Allocator>& str)
+        : span_(&str[0], str.length())
+    {}
+
+    template <class Traits, class Allocator>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(const std::basic_string<element_type, Traits, Allocator>& str)
+        : span_(&str[0], str.length())
+    {}
+
+    // from containers. Containers must have a pointer type and data() function signatures
+    template <class Container,
+              class = std::enable_if_t<
+                  !details::is_basic_string_span<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<typename Container::pointer, pointer>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<typename Container::pointer,
+                                      decltype(std::declval<Container>().data())>::value>>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(Container& cont) : span_(cont)
+    {}
+
+    template <class Container,
+              class = std::enable_if_t<
+                  !details::is_basic_string_span<Container>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<typename Container::pointer, pointer>::value &&
+                  std::is_convertible<typename Container::pointer,
+                                      decltype(std::declval<Container>().data())>::value>>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(const Container& cont) : span_(cont)
+    {}
+
+    // from string_span
+    template <
+        class OtherValueType, std::size_t OtherExtent,
+        class = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+            typename basic_string_span<OtherValueType, OtherExtent>::impl_type, impl_type>::value>>
+    constexpr basic_string_span(basic_string_span<OtherValueType, OtherExtent> other)
+        : span_(other.data(), other.length())
+    {}
+
+    template <size_type Count>
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, Count> first() const
+    {
+        return {span_.template first<Count>()};
+    }
+
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const
+    {
+        return {span_.first(count)};
+    }
+
+    template <size_type Count>
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, Count> last() const
+    {
+        return {span_.template last<Count>()};
+    }
+
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const
+    {
+        return {span_.last(count)};
+    }
+
+    template <size_type Offset, size_type Count>
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, Count> subspan() const
+    {
+        return {span_.template subspan<Offset, Count>()};
+    }
+
+    constexpr basic_string_span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
+    subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const
+    {
+        return {span_.subspan(offset, count)};
+    }
+
+    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const { return span_[idx]; }
+    constexpr reference operator()(size_type idx) const { return span_[idx]; }
+
+    constexpr pointer data() const { return span_.data(); }
+
+    constexpr size_type length() const noexcept { return span_.size(); }
+    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return span_.size(); }
+    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return span_.size_bytes(); }
+    constexpr size_type length_bytes() const noexcept { return span_.length_bytes(); }
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
+
+    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return span_.begin(); }
+    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return span_.end(); }
+
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return span_.rbegin(); }
+    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return span_.rend(); }
+
+private:
+    static impl_type remove_z(pointer const& sz, std::size_t max)
+    {
+        return impl_type(sz, details::string_length(sz, max));
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t N>
+    static impl_type remove_z(element_type (&sz)[N])
+    {
+        return remove_z(&sz[0], N);
+    }
+
+    impl_type span_;
+};
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using string_span = basic_string_span<char, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cstring_span = basic_string_span<const char, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using wstring_span = basic_string_span<wchar_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cwstring_span = basic_string_span<const wchar_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using u16string_span = basic_string_span<char16_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cu16string_span = basic_string_span<const char16_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using u32string_span = basic_string_span<char32_t, Extent>;
+
+template <std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+using cu32string_span = basic_string_span<const char32_t, Extent>;
+
+//
+// to_string() allow (explicit) conversions from string_span to string
+//
+
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent>
+std::basic_string<typename std::remove_const<CharT>::type>
+to_string(basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> view)
+{
+    return {view.data(), narrow_cast<std::size_t>(view.length())};
+}
+
+template <typename CharT, typename Traits = typename std::char_traits<CharT>,
+          typename Allocator = std::allocator<CharT>, typename gCharT, std::size_t Extent>
+std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> to_basic_string(basic_string_span<gCharT, Extent> view)
+{
+    return {view.data(), narrow_cast<std::size_t>(view.length())};
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent>
+basic_string_span<const byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_bytes(basic_string_span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    return {reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+template <class ElementType, std::size_t Extent,
+          class = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_const<ElementType>::value>>
+basic_string_span<byte, details::calculate_byte_size<ElementType, Extent>::value>
+as_writable_bytes(basic_string_span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept
+{
+    GSL_SUPPRESS(type.1) // NO-FORMAT: attribute
+    return {reinterpret_cast<byte*>(s.data()), s.size_bytes()};
+}
+
+// zero-terminated string span, used to convert
+// zero-terminated spans to legacy strings
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
+class basic_zstring_span
+{
+public:
+    using value_type = CharT;
+    using const_value_type = std::add_const_t<CharT>;
+
+    using pointer = std::add_pointer_t<value_type>;
+    using const_pointer = std::add_pointer_t<const_value_type>;
+
+    using zstring_type = basic_zstring<value_type, Extent>;
+    using const_zstring_type = basic_zstring<const_value_type, Extent>;
+
+    using impl_type = span<value_type, Extent>;
+    using string_span_type = basic_string_span<value_type, Extent>;
+
+    constexpr basic_zstring_span(impl_type s) : span_(s)
+    {
+        // expects a zero-terminated span
+        Expects(s[s.size() - 1] == '\0');
+    }
+
+    // copy
+    constexpr basic_zstring_span(const basic_zstring_span& other) = default;
+
+    // move
+    constexpr basic_zstring_span(basic_zstring_span&& other) = default;
+
+    // assign
+    constexpr basic_zstring_span& operator=(const basic_zstring_span& other) = default;
+
+    // move assign
+    constexpr basic_zstring_span& operator=(basic_zstring_span&& other) = default;
+
+    constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return span_.size() == 0; }
+
+    constexpr string_span_type as_string_span() const noexcept
+    {
+        const auto sz = span_.size();
+        return {span_.data(), sz > 1 ? sz - 1 : 0};
+    }
+    constexpr string_span_type ensure_z() const { return gsl::ensure_z(span_); }
+
+    constexpr const_zstring_type assume_z() const noexcept { return span_.data(); }
+
+private:
+    impl_type span_;
+};
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using zstring_span = basic_zstring_span<char, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using wzstring_span = basic_zstring_span<wchar_t, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using u16zstring_span = basic_zstring_span<char16_t, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using u32zstring_span = basic_zstring_span<char32_t, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using czstring_span = basic_zstring_span<const char, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using cwzstring_span = basic_zstring_span<const wchar_t, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using cu16zstring_span = basic_zstring_span<const char16_t, Max>;
+
+template <std::size_t Max = dynamic_extent>
+using cu32zstring_span = basic_zstring_span<const char32_t, Max>;
+
+// operator ==
+template <class CharT, std::size_t Extent, class T,
+          class = std::enable_if_t<
+              details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value ||
+              std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>>>::value>>
+bool operator==(const gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent>& one, const T& other)
+{
+    const gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>> tmp(other);
+    return std::equal(one.begin(), one.end(), tmp.begin(), tmp.end());
+}
+
+template <class CharT, std::size_t Extent, class T,
+          class = std::enable_if_t<
+              !details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+              std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>>>::value>>
+bool operator==(const T& one, const gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent>& other)
+{
+    const gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>> tmp(one);
+    return std::equal(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), other.begin(), other.end());
+}
+
+// operator !=
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+          typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+              T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value>>
+bool operator!=(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return !(one == other);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value &&
+        !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value>>
+bool operator!=(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return !(one == other);
+}
+
+// operator<
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+          typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+              T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value>>
+bool operator<(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    const gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent> tmp(other);
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(one.begin(), one.end(), tmp.begin(), tmp.end());
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value &&
+        !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value>>
+bool operator<(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent> tmp(one);
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), other.begin(), other.end());
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+
+// VS treats temp and const containers as convertible to basic_string_span,
+// so the cases below are already covered by the previous operators
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator<(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent> tmp(other);
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(one.begin(), one.end(), tmp.begin(), tmp.end());
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator<(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent> tmp(one);
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), other.begin(), other.end());
+}
+#endif
+
+// operator <=
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+          typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+              T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value>>
+bool operator<=(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return !(other < one);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value &&
+        !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value>>
+bool operator<=(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return !(other < one);
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+
+// VS treats temp and const containers as convertible to basic_string_span,
+// so the cases below are already covered by the previous operators
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator<=(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return !(other < one);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator<=(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return !(other < one);
+}
+#endif
+
+// operator>
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+          typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+              T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value>>
+bool operator>(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return other < one;
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value &&
+        !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value>>
+bool operator>(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return other < one;
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+
+// VS treats temp and const containers as convertible to basic_string_span,
+// so the cases below are already covered by the previous operators
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator>(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return other < one;
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator>(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return other < one;
+}
+#endif
+
+// operator >=
+template <typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+          typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<
+              T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value>>
+bool operator>=(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return !(one < other);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        std::is_convertible<T, gsl::basic_string_span<std::add_const_t<CharT>, Extent>>::value &&
+        !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value>>
+bool operator>=(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return !(one < other);
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+
+// VS treats temp and const containers as convertible to basic_string_span,
+// so the cases below are already covered by the previous operators
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator>=(gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> one, const T& other)
+{
+    return !(one < other);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename CharT, std::size_t Extent = gsl::dynamic_extent, typename T,
+    typename DataType = typename T::value_type,
+    typename = std::enable_if_t<
+        !gsl::details::is_span<T>::value && !gsl::details::is_basic_string_span<T>::value &&
+        std::is_convertible<DataType*, CharT*>::value &&
+        std::is_same<std::decay_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().size(), *std::declval<T>().data())>,
+                     DataType>::value>>
+bool operator>=(const T& one, gsl::basic_string_span<CharT, Extent> other)
+{
+    return !(one < other);
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace gsl
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif // GSL_STRING_SPAN_H

+ 21 - 0
external/licenses/GSL-3.1.0

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 
+ 
+This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies 
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do 
+so, subject to the following conditions: 
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 
+copies or substantial portions of the Software. 
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN 
+THE SOFTWARE.